Wednesday, November 30, 2011

World AIDS Day Update from Kerala SACS

 



WAD 2011

December 1, is observed globally as World AIDS Day. The day reminds us that HIV infection is still posing a serious threat to the human race and that the society has a lot to do in preventing HIV as well as in taking care of the infected.

  
---------------------------------------------------------------------


This is a message from the KeralaAIDS Yahoo Group
---------------------------------------------------------------------


Send Messages to KeralaAIDS@yahoogroups.com


To Subscribe : Send an email to KeralaAIDS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com


To Subscribe online : Visit http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/KeralaAIDS/join
---------------------------------------------------------------------
__,_._,___

Is Kerala Remaining Low Prevalent in HIV by Accident? (Journal Scan)

 
Is Kerala remaining low prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus by accident?
A study of risk factors in acquiring human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients attending Anti-retroviral treatment clinic

Ajithkumar Kidangazhiayathmana
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India


NET LETTER
Year : 2011  |  Volume : 77  |  Issue : 6  |  Page : 729
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

Sir,

Kerala continues to be less prevalent for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (0.19%) in spite of the high level of migration from the neighboring high prevalent states. 
[1],[2] Only one study has so far evaluated the risk factors for acquiring HIV in Kerala and reasons for the low prevalence. [2] We carried out a study to evaluate the role of migration and other risk factors for acquiring HIV infection among the individuals attending the anti-retroviral treatment (ART) center of Government Medical College, Thrissur.

From 3452 PLHA (people living with HIV/AIDS) registered patients, 260 Malayalees were selected by simple random sampling for a detailed interview. Partners of selected participants and those who are not fit physically or mentally to attend an interview were excluded from the study. 

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and representatives of the local network of PLHAs.

The following details were elicited at the interview: age, sex, place, education, employment, marital status, and HIV status of spouse, details of migration, and the possible risk factors for acquiring HIV infection as perceived by the participant.

The question addressing possible route of infection had various options 
[Table 1]. History of migration was also elicited. We could not elicit the past history of condom use reliably especially that of the exposures occurred long back in the clinic setting and these data were not studied. Among the 260 respondents, 126 (48.4%) were migrants;116 (44.6%) men and 10 (3.8%) women). A total of 64 (25%) respondents had a migrant spouse.

Table 1: Risk factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in respondents from Anti-retroviral treatment clinic

Click here to view


Thirty-two (12%) were having/had a job which demanded frequent traveling, majority being drivers. A total of 56 out of 82 (68%) women had a migrant spouse. Thus actual number of respondents related to migration directly or indirectly was 165 (63%). 

This study shows a great majority of HIV infections among Keralites occurred in migrants and probably through premarital sex with commercial sex workers. Extramarital sexual exposure was relatively less among the respondents. The second commonest risk factor (the most important among women) was marriage to an infected partner 
[Table 1]. The presence of migrant spouse was significantly associated with female sex (OR 69.27, 95% CI 26.98-177.85) in comparison with males. Our study documents for the first time that migration is strongly associated with premarital sexual exposure (OR 10, 95% CI 5.5--18.6, P 0.00), among the HIV positive respondents of central Kerala [Table 1]. In this study, the majority of the females were married at least once and denied any other risk factors associated with their HIV acquisition. Similar to an earlier study which illustrated marriage as a factor that increases the likelihood of HIV infection among the females, [3] this study also indicates that the major risk factor among women in central Kerala is infection from a marital partner. Unfortunately there are no specific prevention strategies which address this mode of transmission. 

The low level of extramarital sexual exposures among the nonimmigrant respondents probably explains why Kerala remains less prevalent for HIV. Possibly the low frequency of extramarital/high-risk sex and absence of multiple concurrent sexual partners kept the epidemic within the bridge population and their spouses.

We believe, this study calls for a renewed prevention strategy in Kerala. Probably the absence of such strategy lead to the suggestion for introducing premarital mandatory HIV testing in the state. Such a strategy should aim at the unmarried young prospective migrants and migrants from Kerala living outside. It also suggests the need for awareness programs addressing the premarital youth of Kerala. The possible limitations of this study are bias in selecting patients who attended the ART clinic only and that many who were infected recently were not included in the study. It is possible that reluctance of atleast some of the respondents to divulge some personal information would have occurred in this study. Also this study did n't look into other factors which may have probably contributed to the low number of HIV-positive patients in Kerala which includes the impact of prevention strategies at various levels.

 
  References


HIV declining in India; HIV data New infections reduced by 50% from 2000-2009; Sustained focus on prevention required.National AIDS Controle organisation [Internet]. New Delhi: c2007. Available from: http://www.nacoonline.org/upload/HomePage/NACOPressReleaseonHIVEstimates.pdf. [Last cited on 2011 Feb 24].  
    
Srilatha T. HIV/AIDS scenario in Kerala. Response 2008;1:2-10.  
    
Boileau C, Clark S, Bignami-Van Assche S, Poulin M, Reniers G, Watkins SC, et al. Sexual and marital trajectories and HIV infection among ever-married women in rural Malawi. Sex Transm Infect 2009;85 Suppl 1:i27-33.  

__._,_.___
---------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a message from the KeralaAIDS Yahoo Group
---------------------------------------------------------------------


Send Messages to KeralaAIDS@yahoogroups.com


To Subscribe : Send an email to KeralaAIDS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com


To Subscribe online : Visit http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/KeralaAIDS/join
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Article about CPK+ in The Hindu

 
A positive attitude is the real winner

Sunil Naliyath | The Hindu | 24 Nov 2011

Origin: CPK+ came into being from a belief that those who have been diagnosed as HIV-positive too have a right to be heard. The year was 1998.

The whole world was slowly getting acquainted with the ‘dreadful' disease then. Quite a bit of confusion still existed. . It was just a few years earlier that the legendary ‘Magic' Johnson shocked the world by declaring himself as HIV-infected. The entire country pessimistically heaved a sigh when promising fashion designer Rohit Khosla followed suit. People were clueless. The medical fraternity was looking for proper and adequate guidelines. And, the worst part of it all was the social stigma attached to the disease. It was not only the patients who were an ostracised lot but the entire family faced discrimination. Some were thrown out of their families. Students were expelled. Jobs were denied. Society dealt with them ruthlessly. Many had to commit suicide. Several of them concealed their status. At the end of the day, the scenario was turning from to bad to worse.

“We began at a time when the level of awareness about HIV remained sub-zero. The general notion was that even a handshake with a patient could transmit the virus. The cost of medicines was prohibitively high and denying treatment at the hospitals was a common occurrence,” reveals Joseph (his real name!), one of the 12 founder-members of CPK+. The attempt to establish a collective in Kochi was inspired by a similar initiative called Indian Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS which got under way at Chennai in 1997, he remembers.

The members of CPK+ acknowledge the initial support provided by IMA Blood Bank in Kochi and the guidance offered by Dr V.P. Kuriyipe, Dr. Varghese Mathew and Dr. Rama among others. The role played by Kerala State AIDS Control Society (KSACS) was also instrumental in establishing and fuelling the growth of CPK+. On submission, its project proposal was immediately approved by KSACS as it was a first-of-its-kind in Kerala and began functioning in a month's time. Men, women and children included, as of now, this exclusive body of HIV-positive people has over 6,000 members.

Activities: Ever since its inception, CPK+ has been upbeat in terms of activities and also in addressing the concerns of its target group. In a run up to the formation of CPK+, a one-day workshop was held at Kochi, which came up with startling revelations. That was just the beginning. The members began their activities by pasting stickers at hospitals announcing the helpline number which was flooded with calls from across the State in no time. Soon after, the issue of distributing medicines was taken up with A. K. Antony, the then Chief Minister of Kerala, who sanctioned Rs. 2.5 crore for distribution of medicines through five medical colleges in Kerala. Through their constant interventions, the Government established five ART Centres in 2004. By 2005-06, all the 14 districts if Kerala had ART Centres.

Impact: The perseverance of CPK+ has brought in refreshing changes in the lives of several thousands of people inflicted with HIV/AIDS in Kerala. They could instil confidence in people to speak out publicly without any inhibitions. They introduced a concept called ‘Positive Speaking' for the first time in the country, which involved information sharing by those with HIV at awareness programmes by revealing their own identity.

Today CPK+ is also engaged in imparting life skill education and Income Generation Programmes (IGP) for their female members. In the process, they have come to assert that a normal life is still possible for people with HIV/AIDS and that a positive attitude is all that matters.

Getting in touch: To know more about CPK+ and their programmes dial its helpline 0484-4025398/99 Email: cpkplus@gmail.com Website: www.cpkplus.org

Red Ribbons being packed at the office of CPK+, Kochi.  Photo: Thulasi Kakkat
Copyright © 2011, The Hindu
__._,_.___
---------------------------------------------------------------------


This is a message from the KeralaAIDS Yahoo Group
---------------------------------------------------------------------


Send Messages to KeralaAIDS@yahoogroups.com


To Subscribe : Send an email to KeralaAIDS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com


To Subscribe online : Visit http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/KeralaAIDS/join
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Even Blood is a Commodity.... (Mangalam)

 
Dear All,

Please read this article. No wonder it is happening in  Kerala.




Arun




---------------------------------------------------------------------

This is a message from the KeralaAIDS Yahoo Group
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Send Messages to KeralaAIDS@yahoogroups.com

To Subscribe : Send an email to KeralaAIDS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com

To Subscribe online : Visit http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/KeralaAIDS/join
---------------------------------------------------------------------
__,_._,___

HIV patients spread scare in Kerala sub-jail (The Asian Age)

 
HIV patients spread scare in Kerala sub-jail

HIV positive prisoners are spreading a scare among other inmates in Mattanchery Sub-jail. Authorities are finding it hard to accommodate them in a separate cell.

Officials complain that the HIV positive prisoners often attack inmates and jailors. The jail, which has a capacity of 35, now lodges 72 prisoners. Incidentally, many of them sharing rooms with the HIV positive prisoners are not aware of the scenario.

“We sent three HIV patients to Viyyur Central Jail last week. There are a few more patients here. It is difficult to control them as they show criminal tendencies,” said a jail official.

Jailers and AIDS Control Society members admit they are helpless in managing these prisoners. “It is not easy to handle these people, most HIV prisoners come under the category of injection drug users (IDU).

Criminality rate is also high among them and some even claim to take pride in carrying the virus,” said the Kerala State Aids Control Society (KSACS) district project manager, Ms Binu Punnachalil.

It is usually prisoners in remand and serving a term not more than a month who are lodged in the sub-jail. Members of KSACS find it difficult to conduct blood test on every prisoner since they keep coming and going. KSACS has set up an integrated counseling and testing centre (ICTS) in Ernakulam Sub-jail. The jail superintendent, Mr Varghese, said, “We sent all HIV virus carriers to Viyyur jail last week. As far as I know, there are no HIV positive prisoners here.”

Copyright © 2011 The Asian Age. All rights reserved.

__._,_.___
---------------------------------------------------------------------

This is a message from the KeralaAIDS Yahoo Group
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Send Messages to KeralaAIDS@yahoogroups.com

To Subscribe : Send an email to KeralaAIDS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com

To Subscribe online : Visit http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/KeralaAIDS/join
---------------------------------------------------------------------
__,_._,___

An instance of Eye Opener - HIV testing in Private Labs (News Item in the Mathrubhumi Daily - 5 October 2011)

 
Dear All,

Please find this news item at
http://epaper.mathrubhumi.com/epaperstory_23617-154223312-10/5/Detailsprint.aspx?id=23617&boxid=154223312
. For your Information.

with regards,
Ajesh K C


Lions Suraksha
Aiswarya
First Floor, Door No. 23/431(1)
Behind District Hospital
Palayapetta, Palakkad-1
Phone: 0491 2544327 
 

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

This is a message from the KeralaAIDS Yahoo Group
---------------------------------------------------------------------

Send Messages to KeralaAIDS@yahoogroups.com

To Subscribe : Send an email to KeralaAIDS-subscribe@yahoogroups.com

To Subscribe online : Visit http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/KeralaAIDS/join
---------------------------------------------------------------------

__,_._,___